Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 20

Report - Essay Example on and agenda (reference, appendices) remember to look at the recommendations so that you take the necessary steps as we agreed during our last focus group discussion. Internews’ Free and Fair Media program focuses on election related issues. The program aims to monitor a number of radio stations in the state to asses their coverage of the electioneering period that is; Pre-election period, Election Campaign period, Polling Day and the day the Results were announced. This monitoring project involves monitoring dangerous speech in the media and the role of the media in promoting peace and conflict mitigation. There are different media topics being covered including, including gender, dangerous speech, issue based coverage, fairness and balance. The report looks into the challenges that the radio station faced and recommendations that when implemented could improve the situation. The report also documents the findings by the media monitors in the period 1st January – 9th March 2013. All cases of reported speech were independently verified. The geographical scope of the content covered was primarily national. This survey indicates that in most of the programs monitored, it is male voices that were dominant as both journalists and sources of information. In terms of political party coverage, Cord Coalition received much airtime compared to other political parties with campaigns and rallies emerging as the popular source of coverage. This report aims to finding out if KBC Swahili Radio station management and journalist’s adherence to the professional code of conduct, that is the journalism code of conduct and the electoral body’s guidelines pertaining coverage of its activities as stipulated in the constitution. The free and fair media program supports a group of media institutions and mainstream media outlets to report fairly and responsibly in matters relating to electoral process. By doing so, these institutions will be playing a positive role of

Communication system in an organisation

Communication system in an organisation INTRODUCTION In the current scenario, the process of change is so important in a business organisation. The competitive business market makes it inevitable. To achieve a good market for an organisation, the system or modes of business have to be got changed. It helps an organisation to compete with contemporary organisations. The change process is become a crisis sometimes. How a manager deals with it makes the difference. The real weapon of a manager is the method he adopt to communicate the change within the organisation. The organisations are forced to adapt with changes because of some reasons. Advance in technology, globalisation are some factors which force an organisation to adapt with change. The role of governments gets reduced with new policies. This is another factor which affect the change in an organisation (ChampyNohria, 1996). The market strategy of each organisation differs. So it is important for an organisation to make drastic changes according to the needs. Those changes make their firm unique. So a manager should be updated with new ideas and theories. When a change occurs or plans to occur, there will be chances of resistance from the employees part. Usually they resist because of the basic intent to resist change in every human being. Rumours and misconceptions will be surrounded within the business environment. There comes the importance of a manager. Nowadays companies have distinct groups to deal with change management. Sometimes they might have a tough task of changing the behavioural patterns of employees. It is a real crisis. So let us discuss how they deal with the change management with good communication skills. INTERNAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM The communication system in an organisation is differentiated in to two. They are internal as well as external communication system. Internal communication deals with the communications within the organisation. External communications deal with the communication with the external factors affecting the business. Our matter of concern, which is communication in the context of change is being dealt with internal communication system. The internal communication is so important in the organisations to cop up with the needs. It is the way through which the business people within the organisation communicate. The people in the different organs of an organisation are connected through internal communication system. Internal communication can be defined as follows, Internal communication is a form of corporate communication and can be formal or informal, upward, downward, or horizontal (dictionary.bnet.). It is to be identified that who is communicating and to whom the communication is made according to the situation. Appropriate tools or supports for communication should be used as well. COMMUNICATION SUPPORTS Team briefing, newsletters, electronic mails, mails, intranet, interviewing, memos, meetings, employee councils or work councils, mobile phones and reports are some supports use for communication. The communication support should be selected according to the situation, the communicator and the listener (sdcn.). Identifying audience is an essential and important step to be taken for the pertinent communication. CHANGE AND REASONS It is important for an organisation to get adopted their own in the business globe to survive (KebapciErkal, 2009). When the reasons for change are collected, the ultimate reason is none other than the need for survival. The globalisation made a large market and it forced the companies to change their field and strategies. The companies widen their area of business because of globalisation. The advance in technology in recent era is another factor which accelerated the chances for change. The introduction of internet and its popularity increased the chances for business with the support of it and ultimately companies are forced to change because of this also. The advancement in every aspect of technology needs changes and organisation adopt with it as well. The companies are getting changed with these liberal policies of governments and other international organisations. It makes the organisations role bigger, and widen the business market of them. Change becomes a necessity for organisations here. ChampyNohria mentioned these three reasons in the book FAST FORWARD in 1996. In the research it is felt that financial slowdown is another factor in the recent period which altered the strategies and plans of companies. The recession hit companies altered their whole strategies and other firms which did not hit by crisis altered their strategies not to hit by the recession. A lot of companies went for job cuts and other ways to decrease their expenses and to increase their profits. Infosys in India, Barclays in UK, and Wall Mart in USA are examples. TYPES OF CHANGES There are four types of organisational changes. They are strategic changes, structural changes, process oriented changes and people centred changes (Sudan Kumar, 2004) 1-Strategic changes Strategic changes are the changes altering the basic strategies of an organisation to attain the goals of it. The strategies are changed according to the needs of the market. The strategy of legal firms in USA an UK to outsource their works to third world countries made a big change in the business world. 2-Structural changes Structural changes deal with the alteration of structural characteristics of an organisation. The changes in the hierarchy of authority come under this type of change. Alteration in the administrative procedures and management are also structural changes. According to the needs companies like GM changed their structure of management to flat structure and it resulted in a huge impact in profit. 3-Process oriented changes Companies alter the process of their system with the advancement of technology or other factors. This is process oriented change. The introduction of robotics in production methods in companies are example of process oriented change. 4-People oriented changes People oriented changes are changes which alters the behavioural patterns of people within an organisation. It involves the changes in attitudes, Performance and behaviours of people within an organisation. CHALLENGES IN THE PROCESS OF CHANGE Kubler- Rose model explains five stages of grief (Hingley Cooper, 1986). The stages include denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. These stages are part of the change program also. It is human tendency to deny a change at its starting stage. There will be ambiguous mentality in those whom will be affected by the process of change. There will be rumours and diverse interpretation about the impact of change. Some personal interests direct changes in the environment as a resistance of change. Misunderstanding and low tolerance is the main challenge caused by the process of change. Each type of challenges are to be dealt with different approaches to tackle the situation. Increased stress and additional work for the workers are another challenge faced by the change process. Uncertainty, difference in perceptions and evaluation are other challenges. Motivation is the positive measure to overcome these challenges (Kebapci Erkal, 2009) STEPS INVOLVED IN CHANGE Levins three step model says Refreeze, Move and Unfreeze are the three steps of change process (Cameron and Green, 2004). The first step involves the current state, the describing the necessity of change, the second step move is the implementation of change and forcing the employees to participate in the change process. The final step unfreeze deals with the stabilization of the changed environment and make of the changed system permanent. There are 8 steps which are necessary for the successful execution of change process according to Kotter (Wickam, 2004). Establishing Sense of urgency. It must be felt by the top level managers that the status quo should change. A sense of urgency should be created and established within the organisation as the first step of change process. Creating a powerful coalition. A team should be set up for the change process. The team must be a powerful one to create a sense of importance for the process. The position of the team is important. It should include main line managers to overcome the blocks from the left outs. Good expertise should be included by experience, discipline and nationality etc. The team must contain members having high reputation for the credibility of the team. The team should contain enough leaders whose skills are proven. If such leaders are not available within the organisation, they should be brought for the easy going of the process of change. Developing a vision. According to Kotter, a vision of change will make the process easier. The vision must be imaginable to show the future. The vision must be desirable and feasible to show the long term interests and realistic, attainable goals. And the vision must be focused, communicable and flexible. Such a vision will help to make a decision and it will help to communicate the idea easily to the members of the organisation. Communication of the change Communication is an important matter of concern in the process of change. It is really important in the change process to identify the audience. The knowledge of audience, their culture, the nationality, their attitude, the tradition etc should be taken into consideration. Their custom may not allow the change process in to action. Then the tactical moves of the team of communication only can make them convince them with clear vision of the change. Two way communication system is always adopted than one way communication in the context of change. It will help to reduce the rumours and misconceptions of employees. Key messages can be passed to the audience at the pertinent timings. The messages must be transferred through the medium which can hit the audience with the clear idea of change. The communication should be made often. The messages must be passed several times to avoid the misconceptions of the employees. And it will help to make an impact of the necessity of the process in the organisation. The messages passed must avoid technical and tough words which make the employees confused. The idea must be passed to them in a crystal clear format. Determining the delivery method, frequency methods and trends are so important in the progression of the change process. It is important to structure the efforts of the communication team to make the process easier. The communication process must start in an easier format. It will help to avoid the tough and technical difficulties of communication. It will be an advantage to pre assesses the questions which have more probability to be raised by the employees earlier and find out the apt answers for them. It will help the management team to clarify the doubts and rumours of the employees. Preferred senders should be selected earlier to communicate different classes of employees. The official messages can be communicated by the CEO or president of the organisation for the reliability. At the same time personal messages in the context of change can be communicated by the supervisor of the employees for the emotional reliability. Following graph shows the bench mark study of 2007 on preferred senders. (change-management.) Empowering employees to act on the vision On completion of the successful communication of vision to the employees, the team should concentrate on building structures compatible to the vision communicated. The failure of some customer focused changes is the result of non adaptation of organisational structures. The employees must be given the pertinent training program for the successful execution of the vision. The training of new skills, attitudes and behaviour make the employees empowered and ultimately to the success of the change vision. For a major change, it is necessary to implement such cost effective, meaningful training programs in an organisation. Generating short- term wins In a major change, the ultimate success may be attained in a long time period. Then short term wins for the process of change is good for the program. It will help to increase the pressure on the employees. It is good to have visible, unambiguous, related short term changes are useful ways to keeping up the urgency of the change program, especially when the change is a long process. Consolidation of improvements and production of more changes It is important to celebrate the short term wins and it will increase the momentum of the program as it makes an impact that the process is half done and the ultimate aim is near. When the process is on progress, new people should be added to the management of the project to deal with the new changes. At the same time, the senior managers should have a clear supervision over the progress of the project. Avoidance of more interdependencies is as important as the above said proposals. Anchor the new approaches in the culture The clear over look over the embedded culture within the organisation according to the changing nature is an essential thing and it is the critical point in the change process. To embed the new culture within the organisation, an impact should be created that the new approach is better than the old one. The need of an alteration of habits and thinking pattern in a culture may be implemented before even the process of progress. It is necessary to have global understanding and responsibility for that. The team of change need to be trained themselves with more situational details to encounter with the change (Van Riel Fombrun, 2007). There are positive ways to handle the stress of intercultural situation, whether there be one time encounters or frequent dialogues in multi cultural settings(M J Bennet,1998). Only with good verbal support, training and supports from the management, the workers will be able to work up to the expectation of the vision of change. The hardest task in the process may be the implementation of cultural differences within the organisation. To overcome this difficulty, the human resources should be compatible according to the new culture, otherwise with the old ways of human resource, the old culture of the employees may revive. These difficulties make the importance of communication process more vital. CONCLUSION It is understood that change is a necessity and with change, challenges against it also created. In the thorough study about change, the importance of a communication process in the process of change is come to known in present environment. The two major changes made in the organisational structure in Tata Tea was a huge success. The separation of companys branded and plantation operations into independent value added centres made greater value in both the operations. Secondly, the integration of sales and marketing operations made much needed marketplace synergy to the firm. These are executed within the organisation with a special team of change in 2002-03 periods (tata.). This is a good example for the success of a change process with a special team of communication. It can be said that for a better process of change, a special management team is essential and they should have special managerial techniques and processes. A good communication among the top layer, middle layer and the working class makes the whole process an easy one. The leadership of the organisation must have a clear vision about the change, process of change and the communication method they are about to execute before the implementation of the change process. The success of the process of change depends upon the level of communication that exists in the organisation. The special team made to overcome the difficulties must have the ability to go to all layers with their communication skills.

Anglo-Saxon Warriors and the Klephts of Greece: Their Indo-European Ori

Anglo-Saxon Warriors and the Klephts of Greece: Their Indo-European Origins Anglo-Saxon warrior bands share the same code of honor as the Greek resistance fighters called Klephts both nations having a common Indo-European heritage and concept of hero. Beginning in the fifth century Germanic invasions transformed the Celtic culture of the British Isles. Anglo-Saxon warrior bands conquered the native Celts and prevailed in England from the fifth until the eleventh century. Warfare, the idea of comitatus, and the Germanic heroic code comprised the Anglo-Saxon way of life. Their warrior clans were ruled by a heroic figure, a chieftain or king, and the heroic code valued bravery, boasting, and above all allegiance to their king. Loyalty to the king gave warriors a sense of honor, identity and belonging. In Germania Tacitus writes, They choose their kings for their noble birth, their leaders for their valour. The power even of the kings is not absolute or arbitrary. As for the leaders, it is their example rather than theirauthority that wins them special admiration(7.1). It was their leaders rather than their kings who were the heroic figures whom the warriors could admire and emulate. The Kings were usually "inferior in virtue and courage to the great heroes who serve them" (Oosten, 152). Nevertheless, the Anglo-Saxon heroic code valued allegiance to the king above all else, since he was viewed not only as a protector but also the provider of plenty (Chaney, 90). On the field of battle, that loyalty was transferred to their leader or hero. Tacitus explains that Anglo-Saxon warriors were expected to support their leaders in battle unto death or live a life of infamy. Tacitus, (6.22-3). Since they were forced to struggle co... ...hop. The Divine Liturgy of St John Chrysostom Hymnal. Brookline, Mass: Greek Orthodox Diocese of North and South America, 1977. Oosten, Jarich G. The War of the gods, The Social Code in Indo European Mythology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985. Runciman, Steven. The Great Church in Captivity, A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople From the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968. Stover, Leon E. and Kraig, Bruce. Stonehenge, The Indo- European Heritage. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1978. Winn, Shan M. M. Heaven, Heroes, and Happiness, The Indo-European Roots of Western Ideology. New York: University Press of America, 1995. Zafiropoulos, Simoni, ed. Greece in Poetry, With Painting Drawings, Photographs, and Other Works of Art. New York: Harry N. Abrahms, Inc., 1993.

Jane Eyre: Bildungsroman

Nicholas Scelzi Mrs. Pinto English 10H Period 2 April 14, 2013 Jane Eyre as a Bildungsroman Jane Eyre, written by Charlotte Bronte, is a Bildungsroman. A Bildungsroman is a novel in which the protagonist engages in a moral and psychological growth. A Bildungsroman generally exhibits the growth and development of a particular individual within a confined social order. The character, to travel on this road to adulthood and development, must have some sort of loss or discontent.The path that the character travels is long, arduous, and gradual and is lodged with hardship and adversity between the needs, desires and views of the protagonist and the norm of society. Ultimately, the spirit and values of the social order becomes evident in the protagonist and the protagonist displays a new position in society. In the opening chapter of Jane Eyre, Jane, the protagonist, is abused emotionally, physically and verbally by her antipathetic family. Her cousin John, who demands that Jane refer to h im as Master, is especially belligerent.While reading and minding her own business, Jane is disturbed and attacked by her malicious cousin for no good reason. This is the first time Jane stands up for herself and yells back at her cousin, only to receive a worse punishment and become imprisoned in the red-room at Gateshead, which is the same room in which her late uncle was waked. She soon hallucinates and sees illusions of her ghastly uncle. Jane later attends an orphan school called Lowood, where she is, yet again, treated cruelly. You can read also Analysis of Literary Devices of Jane EyreHowever, there is a single girl who is content and uncomplaining: Helen Burns, a young girl who has faith that God will. Jane admires this and soon befriends Helen. Helen grows ill and dies, but her last words reassure her strong-rooted faith in God and inspire Jane to have the same faith. Jane remains at Lowood for eight years, six as a student and two as a teacher, furthering her education and accelerating to the top of her class. When Jane leaves Lowood, she gets a job as a governess at Thornfield Hall, where she falls in love with her employer.She discovers, however, that he is already wedded and faces the inner conflict of whether or not to stay with him. She decides it is essential that she must leave and move on. Ten months later, after finding home with her unbeknownst cousins and inheriting a fortune of five-thousand pounds, she returns to her love, Mr. Edward Rochester, and finds out that his insane wife killed hers elf. She accepts his proposal and they marry and live happily thereafter. Jane, who was once an abused orphan, grew to become mature, educated and moral woman. She was a tortured and passionate girl who wanted nothing more than to love and be love. She could not restrain her passion and lashed out at her family for abusing her. However, as the novel progressed, she grew able to control herself, without, though, losing her passion or moral values. She became a giving, selfless, and charitable woman. This shows Jane’s coming of age and development and proves the novel Jane Eyre to be a bildungsroman.

Clinical Reflection Essay

The first three weeks in my clinical placement at Facility, I have already gained a lot of practical experience that is different from what I am familiar with. During our orientation at the facility, we met the nurse manager of the third floor who is courteous enough to share a little bit of information about working in the facility and how the system works in the long- term care facility. The nurse manager even told us, that she is also an international educated nurse. Knowing this has inspired me to become successful in my chosen career. After the orientation, our group was divided into two and we were given directions on which wing we will be assigned. There were three of us in my group, and each one of us was assigned to a resident attendant. We were given instructions to just shadow and observe on how things are being done during the first three hours of the resident attendant’s shift. Since I had the experience in a long-term care facility, I am familiar with some of the procedures and routines that are being done by the Personal Support Worker (PSW). That being said, I could say that I was comfortable in assisting the resident attendant/ PSW in providing nursing care to the clients. Although I was familiar and comfortable with the setting of a long-term care facility, I still felt anxious on how I can provide the best care possible for the residents. In this clinical placement, I have learned that being too comfortable and excited is not always a good thing especially for a student. Because of my eagerness to learn new things, I was not able to pay attention on the sign that was posted in a clients’ room. The client was in isolation for contact precaution. The incident happened while I was walking at the hallway and the client called my attention by waving her hand. It made me think that she needed help and I immediately came to her aid without even looking at the sign. The PSW saw me going out from the clients’ room and told me right away that I should not be in the clients’ room without any personal protection equipment (PPE). I suddenly realized that I broke a policy that is highly implemented in every healthcare facility, and that is the â€Å"Infection Control†. My teacher saw what happened and reminded me about the rules in the facility. I apologized and owned up to my mistake. I was embarrassed of what I have done, but also I have learned something that I will never forget. I have learned to be more aware and attentive of my surroundings. As a nurse, I should be one-step ahead, especially when it comes to clients’ safety. I almost put the client at risk by not following the directives on the precaution signs posted on the door of the resident. It may be the risk that I don’t know that I could actually cause greater harm, for this reason I need to be more vigilant and use practice routines in all patient care activities.